जमीनी पौधा के संपादन कइल जा रहल बा

{{Taxobox
| name = जमीनी पौधा <br /><small>Land plants</small>
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Mid Ordovician|Recent|earliest=Dapingian|PS=(Spores from Dapingian (early Middle Ordovician)|ref=<ref name=Gray1985>{{Citation |last=Gray |first=J. |last2=Chaloner |first2=W.G. |last3=Westoll |first3=T.S. |year=1985 |title=The Microfossil Record of Early Land Plants: Advances in Understanding of Early Terrestrialization, 1970-1984 [and Discussion] |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=309 |pages=167–195 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1985.0077 |lastauthoramp=yes |bibcode=1985RSPTB.309..167G |issue=1138}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Rubinstein |first=C.V. |last2=Gerrienne |first2=P. |last3=De La Puente |first3=G.S. |last4=Astini |first4=R.A. |last5=Steemans |first5=P. |year=2010 |title=Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana) |journal=New Phytologist |volume=188 |issue=2 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03433.x |pmid=20731783 |lastauthoramp=yes |pages=365–9 }}</ref>}}
| image = Fern.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Fern leaf
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Archaeplastida]]
| subregnum = [[Viridiplantae]]
| unranked divisio = '''Embryophyta''' <br><small>[[Adolf Engler|Engler]], 1892</small><ref>Engler, A. 1892. ''Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik: Eine Uebersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen.'' Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Pirani | first1 = J. R. | last2 = Prado | first2 = J. | year = 2012 | title = Embryopsida, a new name for the class of land plants | url = http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jefferson_Prado/publication/257929335_Embryopsida_a_new_name_for_the_class_of_land_plants/links/02e7e5263daf5df609000000.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Taxon | volume = 61 | issue = 5| pages = 1096–1098 }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Divisions
| subdivision =
* '''[[Bryophyte|Non-vascular land plants]] (bryophytes)'''
** [[Marchantiophyta]] - liverworts
** [[Moss|Bryophyta]] - mosses
** [[Hornwort|Anthocerotophyta]] - hornworts
** †[[Horneophytopsida]]
* '''[[Vascular plant]]s (tracheophytes)'''
** †[[Rhyniophyta]]—rhyniophytes
** †[[Zosterophyllophyta]]—zosterophylls
** [[Lycopodiophyta]]—clubmosses
** †[[Trimerophytophyta]]—trimerophytes
** [[fern|Pteridophyta]] - ferns and horsetails
** '''[[Spermatophyta|Seed plants]] (spermatophytes)'''
*** †[[Pteridospermatophyta]] - seed ferns
*** [[Pinophyta]] - conifers
*** [[Cycad]]ophyta - cycads
*** [[Ginkgophyta]] - ginkgo
*** [[Gnetophyta]] - gnetae
*** [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] - flowering plants
----
Traditional groups:
* [[Bryophyte|Bryophyta]][[Paraphyletic|*]] 
* [[Pteridophyta]][[Paraphyletic|*]]
* [[Gymnospermae]][[Paraphyletic|*]]
* [[Angiospermae]]
| synonyms=
* Cormophyta <small>[[Stephan Endlicher|Endlicher]], 1836</small>
* Phyta <small>[[Fred Alexander Barkley|Barkley]], 1939</small><ref>Barkley, Fred A. ''Keys to the phyla of organisms''. Missoula, Montana. 1939.</ref>
* Cormobionta <small>[[Werner Rothmaler|Rothmaler]], 1948</small><ref>Rothmaler, Werner. Über das natürliche System der Organismen. ''Biologisches Zentralblatt.'' 67: 242-250. 1948.</ref>
* Euplanta <small>Barkley, 1949</small><ref>Barkley, Fred A. "Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos."'' Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín''. 10: 83-103, [http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/30839/].</ref>
* Telomobionta <small>[[Takhtajan]], 1964</small><ref>Takhtajan, A. (1964). The taxa of the higher plants above the rank of order. ''Taxon'' 13(5): 160-164, [http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1964/above_order.pdf].</ref>
* Embryobionta <small>[[Arthur Cronquist|Cronquist]] et al., 1966</small><ref>Cronquist, A., Takhtajan, A. & Zimmermann, W. (1966). On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta. Taxon, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Apr., 1966), pp. 129-134, [http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1969/embryobionta.pdf].</ref>
* Metaphyta <small>Whittaker, 1969</small><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = R. H. | year = 1969 | title = New concepts of kingdoms or organisms | url = http://www.ib.usp.br/inter/0410113/downloads/Whittaker_1969.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Science | volume = 163 | issue = 3863| pages = 150–160 | doi=10.1126/science.163.3863.150|bibcode = 1969Sci...163..150W | pmid=5762760}}</ref>
* Plantae <small>[[Lynn Margulis|Margulis]], 1971</small><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Margulis | first1 = L | year = 1971 | title = Whittaker's five kingdoms of organisms: minor revisions suggested by considerations of the origin of mitosis | url = | journal = Evolution | volume = 25 | issue = | pages = 242–245 | doi=10.2307/2406516}}</ref>
}}
'''जमीनी पौधा''' <small>(''Embryophyta'' - '''एम्ब्रायोफाइटा''')</small> पौधन के एक ठो बड़ा समूह हवे। [[टैक्सोनॉमिक रैंक|टैक्सोनॉमिक बर्गीरण]] में ई ''Viridiplantae'' नाँव के उपजगत मे आवेला। एह पौधन के आम भाषा में जमीनी पौधा एह वजह से कहल जाला कि ई ज्यादातर पृथ्वी के [[स्थलमंडल|जमीनी हिस्सा]] पर पावल जालें।

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==संदर्भ==
{{Reflist}}

[[श्रेणी:बनस्पति बिज्ञान]]

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