1965 के भारत-पाक युद्ध के संपादन कइल जा रहल बा

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani Wars]]
| campaign =
| image =
| caption =Indian disputed areas 
| casus=Pakistan backed guerillas' infiltration into [[Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| date=अगस्त<!--Specific date differs due to several reasons-->&nbsp;– 23 September 1965
| place=[[South Asia]]
| result=
* Inconclusive; [[United Nations]] mandated ceasefire.<ref name="Global Security indo-pak 1965">{{cite web | title = Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | publisher = Global Security | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm}}</ref>
* No permanent territorial changes (see [[Tashkent Declaration]]).
| territorial changes=[[status quo ante bellum]] due to [[Tashkent Declaration]].
| combatant1={{IND}}
| combatant2={{PAK}}
| commander1={{flagicon|India}} [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />(<small>[[President of India]]</small>)<br />{{Flagicon|India}} [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]<br />(<small>[[Prime Minister of India]]</small>)<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} [[General|Gen.]] [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri|J.N Chaudhuri]]<br />(<small>[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]</small>)<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} [[Lieutenant-General|Lt.Gen.]] [[Harbakhsh Singh|Harbaksh Singh]]<br />(<small>[[Western Command (India)|Western Army Command]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Ensign of the Indian Air Force.svg}} [[Air Marshal|AM]] [[Arjan Singh]]<br />(<small>[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} [[Major General|Maj.Gen.]] Gurbaksh Singh<br />(<small>GOC, 15th Infantry Division</small>) <br /> [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Brig. [[Zorawar Chand Bakhshi|Z.C.Bakhshi]]
| commander2={{flagicon image|Flag of the President of Pakistan.svg}} [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]]<br />(<small>[[President of Pakistan]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[General|Gen]] [[Muhammad Musa]]<br />(<small>[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Pakistani Air Force Ensign.svg}} [[Air Marshal|AM]] [[Malik Nur Khan]]<br />(<small>[[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg}} [[Vice-Admiral|Adm]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]]<br />(<small>[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Lieutenant-General|LGen]] [[Bakhtiar Rana]]<br />(<small>Commander, [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Major-General|MGen]] [[Tikka Khan]]<br />(<small>[[General Officer Commanding|GOC]], [[Pakistan Army Regiment of Artillery|12th Regiment Artillery]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Major-General|MGen]] [[Major General Akhtar Hussain Malik|A.H. Malik]]<br />(<small>[[General Officer Commanding|GOC]], [[12th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|12th Army Infantry]]</small>) <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Major-General|MGen]] [[Iftikhar Janjua]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Brigadier-General|BGen]] [[Abdul Ali Malik|A.A. Malik]]<br />(<small>[[Structure of the Pakistan Army|24th Army Infantry]]</small>)<br />{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg}} [[Commodore (rank)|Cdre]] [[S.M. Anwar]]<br />(<small>Commander, [[Operation Somnath|25th Navy Group]]</small>)
| strength1='''700,000 Infantry'''<ref name="Chapter 1 official history" /><br>
'''720 Tanks'''<ref name="Chapter 1 official history">{{cite web|last=Rakshak|first=Bharat|title=Page 15|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter01.pdf|work=Official History|publisher=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया|accessdate=14 July 2011}}</ref>
* 186 [[Centurion tank|Centurions]]<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 346 [[Sherman tank|Shermans]]<ref name="Chapter 1 official history" />
* 90 AMX<ref name="Chapter 1 official history" /><ref name="War Despatches" />
* 90 [[PT-76]]<ref name="Chapter 1 official history" />
'''628 Artillery'''<ref name="War Despatches">{{cite book|last=SIngh|first=Lt.Gen Harbaksh|title=War Despatches|year=1991|publisher=Lancer International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7062-117-8|page=7}}</ref>
* 66x 3.7"How<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 450x [[Ordnance QF 25 pounder|25pdr]]<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 96x 5.5"<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 16x 7.2"<ref name="War Despatches" />
| strength2= 
'''260,000 Infantry'''<ref name="Chapter 1 official history" /><br>
'''756 Tanks'''<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 352 [[M48 Patton|Pattons]]<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 308 Shermans<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 96 [[M24 Chaffee|Chaffees]]<ref name="War Despatches" />
'''552 Artillery'''<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 72x105mm How<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 234X25pdr<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 126x155mm How<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 48x8" How<ref name="War Despatches" />
* 72x3.7" How<ref name="War Despatches" />
* POK Lt Btys<ref name="War Despatches" />
| casualties1='''Neutral claims'''<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world">{{cite book|author = Thomas M. Leonard | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWRjGZ9H7hYC&pg=PA806|accessdate=14 अप्रैल 2011 | year=2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-97663-3|pages=806–}}</ref><ref name="Indo-Pakistan Wars">{{cite web|title = Indo-Pakistan Wars | url = http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/indo-pakistan_wars.html|work=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257038004976878|archivedate=1 November 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 3,000 men<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* 150<ref>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|title=Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-995-9|page=172}}</ref>–190 tanks<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* 60–75 aircraft<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* 540 km<sup>2</sup> (210mi<sup>2</sup>) of territory lost (primarily in [[Rann of Kutch]])<ref name="af45">{{cite book
  |last = Praagh
  |first = David
  |title = The greater game: India's race with destiny and China
  |publisher = McGill-Queen's Press&nbsp;– MQUP, 2003
  |isbn = 0-7735-2639-0}}</ref><ref name="af46">{{cite book
  |last = Johnson
  |first = Robert
  |title = A region in turmoil: South Asian conflicts since 1947
  |publisher = Reaktion Books, 2005
  |isbn = 1-86189-257-8}}</ref>

'''Indian claims'''
* 35<ref name="Van Creveld, 2012, pp. 286-287">Van Creveld, 2012, pp. 286–287.</ref>–59 aircraft lost<ref name="Official History of IAF in 65 War">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter09.pdf |title=Official History of IAF in 65 War |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=27 July 2012}}</ref> In addition, Indian sources claim that there were 13 IAF aircraft lost in accidents, and 3 Indian civilian aircraft shot down.<ref name="bharat-rakshak.com">Bharat-Rakshak.com http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Misc/Loss1965.html</ref>
* 322 km<sup>2</sup> territory lost<ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" />

'''Pakistani claims'''
* 8,200 men killed or captured<ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict">{{cite book|last=O' Nordeen|first=Lon|title=Air Warfare in the Missile Age|year=1985|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-87474-680-8|pages=84–87}}</ref>
* 110<ref name=1965p6>[http://pakistaniat.com/2007/09/06/1965-war-a-different-legacy/comment-page-6/ 1965 War: A Different Legacy: ALL THINGS PAKISTAN]. Pakistaniat.com (1965-09-06). Retrieved on 2011-04-14.</ref>–113<ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" /> aircraft destroyed
* 500 tanks captured or destroyed <ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" />
* 2602,<ref>[http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/awpreview/textcontent.aspx?pid=196 1965 War]. Pakistan army (2009-09-01). Retrieved on 2011-04-14.</ref> 2575 km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" /> territory gained
| casualties2='''Neutral claims'''<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* 3,800 men<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* 200<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />-300 Tanks<ref name="S Tucker">{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|title=Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact|year=2004|page=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=pakistan+tank+losses+1965&source=bl&ots=O9UCZHbyUs&sig=-oILZn-csKxRzDXKPkNF3-dGEPY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rZsOUPWhENHirAfzuIDoBg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20tank%20losses%201965&f=false}}</ref>
* 20 aircraft<ref name="Encyclopedia of the developing world" />
* Over 1,840 km<sup>2</sup> (710 mi<sup>2</sup>) of territory lost (primarily in [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Lahore district|Lahore]], and [[Azad Kashmir|Kashmir]] sectors)<ref name="af45" /><ref name="af46" />

'''Pakistani claims'''
* 19 aircraft lost<ref name=1965p6/>

'''Indian claims'''
* 5259 men killed or captured <ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" />
* 43<ref name="tribune IAF's ground reality">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070506/spectrum/main1.htm The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum]. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.</ref> −73 aircraft destroyed <ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" />
* 471 tanks destroyed <ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict" />
* 3,900 km<sup>2</sup><ref name="bharatrakshak">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1965War/Chapter10.html |title=Ceasefire & After |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |date= |accessdate=27 July 2012}}</ref> territory gained
<!--
<ref>[http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/indo-pakistan_wars.html Indo-Pakistan Wars] [[The Tribune]] 2 June 2005. [http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257038004976878 Archived] 2009-11-01.</ref>
<ref name="Z.A. Khan">[http://www.defencejournal.com/may98/thewayitwas4.htm Opinion: The Way it was 4: extracts from Brig (Retd) ZA Khan's book] May 1998, Defence Journal</ref><ref name="Khaleej">[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2005/September/subcontinent_September293.xml&section=subcontinent&col= Ayub misled nation in '65 war: Nur Khan] 8 September 2005 [[Khaleej Times]]</ref><ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0189) Library of Congress Country Studies]</ref> -->

}}
'''1965 के भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध''' अप्रैल 1965 से सितंबर 1965 के बीच [[भारत]] आ [[पाकिस्तान]] के बीच बढ़त कड़वाहट के नतीजा रहे। पाकिस्तान [[ऑपरेशन जिब्राल्टर]] के नाँव से एगो अभियान चलवलस जेवना के मुख्य उद्देश्य जम्मू-कश्मीर में सेना घुसा के भारत के सत्ता के खिलाफ इंसरजेंसी में शामिल होखे के रहे।
भारत एकर जबाब पुरा खुला लड़ाई के रूप में दिहलस आ पच्छिमी पाकिस्तान पर हमला क दिहलस। सतरह दिन चलल एह लड़ाई में दुनों ओर से हजारन लोग मारल गइल आ ई दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध के बाद ई टैंक के सभसे बड़हन लड़ाई भी बनल। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय हस्तक्षेप के बाद दुनों देश के बीच में सीज फायर के घोषणा भइल आ अंत में [[ताशकंद समझौता]] भइल।

लड़ाई के परिणाम के बारे में दुनों देश अपना के जीतल बतावे लें हालाँकि, समीक्षक लोग के बिचार में एह में भारत के ढेर फ़ायदा भइल आ ऊ दक्खिन एशिया के एगो मजबूत ताकत के रूप में सामने आइल।<ref name="Hagerty">{{cite book|last = Hagerty|first = Devin|title = South Asia in world politics|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield, 2005|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ln3qChyrmIQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:0742525872&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aXEOUoW3HdCtrAfhnYGADA&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=outfought%20their%20Pakistani&f=false|isbn = 0-7425-2587-2}} Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat.</ref><ref>After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 the balance of military power had decisively shifted in favor of India. Pakistan had found it difficult to replace the heavy equipment lost during that conflict while her adversary, despite her economic and political problems, had been determinedly building up her strength. --S.M. Burke (in Hagerty).</ref> एह लड़ाई के समय भारत के प्रधानमंत्री लालबहादुर शास्त्री के भारत में काफ़ी तारीफ़ मिलल।

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==संदर्भ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[श्रेणी:भारत के इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान के इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:भारत–पाकिस्तान संबंध]]

{{इति-आधार}}