मधु (खंड) के संपादन कइल जात बा

== कइसे बने ला ==
[[File:Bee on -calyx 935.jpg|thumb|230px|alt=पीयर फूल पर मधुमक्खी |एगो [[मधुमक्खी]] गोल्डनरॉड के फूल पर, आपन रस चूसे वाला सूंढ़ आगे कइले बा।]]
[[Image:Honey comb.jpg|thumb|230px|alt=मधुछत्ता |मोम के बनल मधुछत्ता जेह में षटकोण आकार के खाना सभ में मधुमक्खी मधु एकट्ठा क के रखेलीं।]]

मधु के निर्माण मधुरस (नेक्टर) से होला जेकरा के मधुमक्खी सभ चूस के एकट्ठा करें लीं। एह रस में [[चीनी|शुगर]] होला आ ई आमतौर पर पौधन के फूल में पावल जाला जबकि कुछ पौधा फूल के अलावा अउरी बाहरी नेक्टरिया वाला भी होलें। मधुमक्खी ई रस अपना भोजन खातिर एकट्ठा करें लीं आ एकर कुछ मात्रा उनहन के भ्रमण के दौरान पच के खतम हो जाला जबकि बचल हिस्सा के दुसरे किसिम के पाक होला जेह में पानी के मात्रा घट जाले आ कुछ एंजाइम के क्रिया के चलते ई गाढ़ हो जाला जेकरा के मधुमक्खी अपना छत्ता के खाना सभ में उगिल देलीं जवना से की बाद में भोजन के कमी वाला दिनन में एकर इस्तेमाल हो सके।<ref name="pnas">{{cite journal|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A|year=1996|volume=93|issue=22|pages=12616–20|title=Energy metabolism, enzymatic flux capacities, and metabolic flux rates in flying honeybees|vauthors=Suarez RK, Lighton JR, Joos B, Roberts SP, Harrison JF|pmid=8901631|pmc=38041|doi=10.1073/pnas.93.22.12616|bibcode=1996PNAS...9312616S}}</ref><ref name="NHB Bee facts"/><ref name="pnas"/><ref name="cd">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/science/2014/08/31/how-bees-make-honey-is-complex-process.html|title=How bees make honey is complex process|newspaper=[[The Columbus Dispatch]]|author=Binkley D|date=31 August 2014|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> जाड़ा के समय में आ अउरी कौनों भोजन के कमी के काल में मधुमक्खी आ उनहन के लार्वा एही सहेज के रखल मधु के खा के जिंदा रहे लें।<ref name="NHB Bee facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.honey.com/honey-at-home/learn-about-honey/how-honey-is-made |title=Honey and Bees |accessdate=2015-11-17 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305094736/http://www.honey.com/honey-at-home/learn-about-honey/how-honey-is-made |archivedate=5 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }} National Honey Board</ref>

मनुष्य बनावटी छत्ता सभ में मधुमक्खी के पोसे के काम करे ला आ एह तरीका से मधुमक्खी सभ के जरूरत से बेसी मधु एकट्ठा कइल जाला जेकर व्यापार होला आ मनुष्य अपना भोजन खाती इस्तेमाल करे ला। कौनो बनावटी चाहे प्राकृतिक (जंगली) मधुछत्ता में आमतौर पर:
* एक ठो सिंगल मादा रानी मधुमक्खी होले
* कुछ नर ड्रोन मधुमक्खी होलें जिनहन के गिनती सीजन अनुसार बदलत रहे ला, ई रानी मधुमक्खी के गर्भवती करे के कामे आवे लें
* 20,000 से 40,000 मादा मजदूर मधुमक्खी होलीं<ref>{{cite web | author = Whitmyre, Val | url = http://groups.ucanr.org/mgnapa/Articles/Honeybees.htm | title = The Plight of the Honeybees | publisher = University of California | access-date= 14 April 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304202354/http://groups.ucanr.org/mgnapa/Articles/Honeybees.htm | archive-date=4 March 2007}}</ref>

Leaving the hive, a foraging bee collects sugar-rich flower nectar, sucking it through its [[proboscis]] and placing it in its [[proventriculus]] (honey stomach or crop), which lies just dorsal to its food stomach. The honey stomach holds about 40&nbsp;mg of nectar, or roughly 50% of the bee's unloaded weight, which can require over a thousand flowers and more than an hour to fill. The nectar generally begins with a water content of 70 to 80%.<ref>''Beekeeping: Everything You Need to Know to Start Your First Beehive'' by Joachim Petterson -- Weldonowen 2015 Page 57</ref> [[Saliva]]ry enzymes and proteins from the bee's [[Insect mouthparts#Hypopharynx|hypopharyngeal gland]] are added to the nectar to begin breaking down the sugars, raising the water content slightly. The forager bees then return to the hive, where they regurgitate and transfer nectar to the hive bees. The hive bees then use their honey stomachs to ingest and regurgitate the nectar, forming bubbles between their [[Mandible (insect mouthpart)|mandibles]] repeatedly until it is partially digested. The bubbles create a large surface area per volume and a portion of the water is removed through evaporation.<ref>''Honey Bee Biology and Beekeeping'' by Dewey Maurice Caron, Lawrence John Connor -- Wicwas Press 2013 Page 214</ref><ref name="pnas"/><ref name=cd/><ref>{{cite web | author = Standifer LN | url = http://maarec.cas.psu.edu/bkCD/HBBiology/nutrition_supplements.htm | title = Honey Bee Nutrition And Supplemental Feeding | website = Excerpted from "Beekeeping in the United States" | access-date= 14 April 2007}}</ref> Bee [[digestive enzymes]] [[hydrolyze]] sucrose to a mixture of glucose and fructose, and break down other starches and proteins, increasing the acidity.<ref name=pnas/><ref name=cd/><ref>{{cite journal|pmc=3492327|year=2012|vauthors=Rossano R, Larocca M, Polito T, Perna AM, Padula MC, Martelli G, Riccio P|title=What Are the Proteolytic Enzymes of Honey and What They do Tell Us? A Fingerprint Analysis by 2-D Zymography of Unifloral Honeys|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e49164|pmid=23145107|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0049164|bibcode=2012PLoSO...749164R}}</ref>

The bees work together as a group with the regurgitation and digestion for as long as 20 minutes, passing the nectar from one bee to the next, until the product reaches the honeycombs in storage quality.<ref name=cd/> It is then placed in honeycomb cells and left unsealed while still high in water content (about 50 to 70%) and natural yeasts which, unchecked, would cause the sugars in the newly formed honey to ferment.<ref name="NHB Bee facts"/><ref>''The BBKA Guide to Beekeeping, Second Edition'' by Ivor Davis, Roger Cullum-Kenyon -- Bloomsbury Publishing 2015 Page 173-174</ref><ref>''Beekeeping as a Business'' by Richard Jones -- Commonwealth Secratariat 1999 Page 49</ref> Bees are among the few insects that can generate large amounts of body heat, and the hive bees constantly regulate the hive temperature, either heating with their bodies or cooling with water evaporation, to maintain a fairly constant temperature of about {{convert|35|C|F}} in the honey-storage areas. The process continues as hive bees flutter their wings constantly to circulate air and [[evaporation|evaporate]] water from the honey to a content around 18%, raising the sugar concentration beyond the [[Solubility#Factors_affecting_solubility|saturation point]] and preventing [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]].<ref name="NHB Bee facts"/><ref name=cd/> The bees then cap the cells with wax to seal them.<ref name=cd/> As removed from the hive by a [[beekeeper]], honey has a long shelf life and will not ferment if properly sealed.<ref name="NHB Bee facts"/>

कुछ हाड़ी (बर्र) सभ के प्रजाति जइसे कि ''Brachygastra lecheguana'' आ ''Brachygastra mellifica'' जे दक्खिन अमेरिका आ मध्य अमेरिका में पावल जालीं, मधुरस (नेक्टर) के भोजन के रूप में इस्तेमाल करे आ मधु बनावे खाती पहिचानल गइल बाड़ी सऽ।<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = The Nearctic social wasps of the subfamily polybiinae (Hymenoptera; Vespidae)|last = Bequaert|first = J.Q.|date = 1932|journal = Entomologica Americana|doi = |pmid = }}</ref>
कुछ हाड़ी, जइसे कि ''Polistes versicolor'', अपना जीवन चक्र में मधु आ फूल के पूलेन के भोजन के रूप में इस्तेमाल अलग-अलग उमिर में अलग-अलग करें लीं। जीवन के बिचला दौर में ई पूलेन पर जिंदा रहे लीं जबकि सुरुआत में आ अंत में मधु के भोजन करे लीं।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Britto |first1=Fábio Barros |first2=Flávio Henrique |last2=Caetano |title=Morphological Features and Occurrence of Degenerative Characteristics in the Hypopharyngeal Glands of the Paper Wasp Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) |journal=Micron |volume=37 |issue=8 |year=2006 |pages=742–47 |doi=10.1016/j.micron.2006.03.002|pmid=16632372 }}</ref>

{{clear}}