भारत के भूगोल (खंड) के संपादन कइल जात बा

==Natural resources==
{{main article|Natural resources of India}}
[[Image:Coal mine in Dhanbad, India.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Indian coal production is the 3rd highest in the world according to the 2008 Indian Ministry of Mines estimates. Shown above is a coal mine in [[झारखंड]].]]

India's total renewable water resources are estimated at 1,907.8 km3/year.<ref name="EE">{{cite web|title=Water profile of India|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_India#Water_Resources|publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Earth]]|accessdate=20 November 2008}}</ref> Its annual supply of usable and replenshable groundwater amounts to 350 billion cubic metres.<ref name="OT">{{cite journal|title=India's Underground Water Resources|author=Jain, J.K. |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|pages=507–22|date=May 1977|volume=278|issue=962|doi=10.1098/rstb.1977.0058|last2=Farmer|first2=B. H.|last3=Rush|first3=H.|last4=West|first4=H. W.|last5=Allan|first5=J. A.|last6=Dasgupta|first6=B.|last7=Boon|first7=W. H.}}</ref> Only 35% of groundwater resources are being utilised.<ref name="OT"/> About 44 million tonnes of cargo is moved annually through the country's major rivers and waterways.<ref name="IWAI"/> Groundwater supplies 40% of water in India's irrigation canals. 56% of the land is arable and used for agriculture. Black soils are moisture-retentive and are preferred for dry farming and growing cotton, linseed, etc. Forest soils are used for tea and coffee plantations. Red soil have a wide diffusion of iron content.<ref name=krishi/>

Most of India's estimated {{convert|5.4|Goilbbl|m3}} in oil reserves are located in the Mumbai High, upper Assam, Cambay, the Krishna-Godavari and Cauvery basins.<ref name="EE2">{{cite web|title=Energy profile of India|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_India|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth|accessdate=20 November 2008}}</ref> India possesses about seventeen trillion cubic feet of [[natural gas]] in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Odisha.<ref name="EE2"/> [[Uranium]] is mined in Andhra Pradesh. India has 400 medium-to-high enthalpy [[thermal spring]]s for producing [[geothermal energy]] in seven "provinces" — the Himalayas, Sohana, Cambay, the Narmada-Tapti delta, the Godavari delta and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (specifically the volcanic [[Barren Island, Andaman Islands|Barren Island]].)<ref name="IIT">{{cite web|title=Geothermal Energy Resources of India |url=http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/geothermalindia/pubs/IBC/IBCTALKweb.htm |author=Chandrasekharam, D. |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] |accessdate=2 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217033017/http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/geothermalindia/pubs/IBC/IBCTALKweb.htm |archivedate=17 December 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref>

India is the world's biggest producer of mica blocks and mica splittings.<ref name="MINES">{{cite web|title=India's Contribution to the World's Mineral Production|url=http://mines.nic.in/imsene.html#INDIA’S%20CONTRIBUTION%20TO%20THE%20WORLD’S%20MINERAL%20PRODUCTION|publisher=Ministry of Mines, Government of India|accessdate=20 November 2008}}</ref> India ranks second amongst the world's largest producers of barites and chromites.<ref name="MINES"/> The Pleistocene system is rich in minerals. India is the third-largest coal producer in the world and ranks fourth in the production of [[iron ore]].<ref name="EE2"/><ref name="MINES"/> It is the fifth-largest producer of bauxite and crude steel, the seventh-largest of [[manganese ore]] and the eighth-largest of aluminium.<ref name="MINES"/> India has significant sources of titanium ore, diamonds and limestone.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|title=India|work=CIA Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
|accessdate=16 जून 2007}}</ref> India possesses 24% of the world's known and economically viable [[thorium]], which is mined along shores of Kerala.<ref name="WNA">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf62.htm |title=Information and Issue Briefs – Thorium |publisher=[[World Nuclear Association]] |accessdate=1 जून 2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107083059/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf62.htm |archivedate=7 November 2006 }}</ref> Gold had been mined in the now-defunct [[Kolar Gold Fields]] in Karnataka.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web|title=Death of the Kolar Gold Fields|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/may/08gita.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=21 November 2008}}</ref>