पनकउआ के संपादन कइल जा रहल बा

{{Taxobox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22696792 |title=''Phalacrocorax carbo'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| image = Phalacrocorax carbo Vic.jpg
| image_caption = A great comorant in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia.
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Suliformes]]
| familia = [[Phalacrocoracidae]]
| genus = ''[[Phalacrocorax]]''
| species = '''''P. carbo'''''
| binomial = ''Phalacrocorax carbo''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Great Cormorant Range.png
| range_map_caption = Global range{{leftlegend|#007F00|Year-Round Range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#E0CF01|Summer Range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#0080FF|Winter Range|outline=gray}}
}}

[[File:Aalscholver in broedkleed op ijs-4676907.webm|thumb|Adult great cormorant in breeding plumage. [[Texel]], Netherlands (2010)]]
'''पनकउआ''' ({{Lang-en|[[:en:Great cormorant|Great cormorant]]}}, [[बैज्ञानिक नाँव]]:''Phalacrocorax carbo'') [[चिरइन]] के एगो [[प्रजाति]] बाटे। ई [[समुंदरी चिरई]] सभ के कोर्मोरैंट परिवार के सदस्य हवे।<ref name=Ali1993/> एकरा [[बंस]] के नाँव [[लैटिन|लैटिनाइज]] रूप हवे आ एकर उत्पत्ति [[प्राचीन यूनानी भाषा]] के  φαλακρός (''फालाक्रोस'', "चंडूल") आ κόραξ (''कोराक्स'', "कागा") से बाटे आ ''कार्बो'' मने लैटिन में "[[चारकोल]]" होला।<ref name= job90>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 |pages =90, 301}}</ref>

एकरे अंडा देवे के भूगोलीय इलाका [[पुरानी दुनिया]] आ उत्तरी अमेरिका के [[अटलांटिक महासागर|अटलांटिक]] तट बाटे।

== बिबरण ==
ई एक ठो बड़हन आकार के करिया रंग के चिरई हवे आ एकरा आकर में इलाका के हिसाब से बहुत बिबिधता देखे के मिले ला। एकर वजन {{convert|1.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=Ribak2005/> से {{convert|5.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}} ले बतावल जाला।<ref name=CanadianEncyclopedia/> नर पनकउआ के साइज मादा के तुलना में बड़ा होला आ ई भारी भी होखे लें, एकर सभसे प्रमुख उपप्रजाति (''P. c. carbo'') यूरोप में पावल जाए वाली (''P. c. sinensis'') से 10% बड़ा होले।<ref name=Koffijberg1995/> सभसे हल्लुक जर्मनी में पावल जाए वाली (''P. c. sinensis'') होले, जहाँ 36 गो नर सभ के औसत वजन {{convert|2.28|kg|lb|abbr=on}} नापल गइल रहल आ 17 गो मादा सभ के वजन  जोखला पर {{convert|1.94|kg|lb|abbr=on}} आइल।<ref name=CRC/> सभसे भारी वजन [[प्रिंस एडवर्ड दीप]], [[कनाडा]] में (''P. c. carbo'') के रहल जहाँ 11 गो नर सभके औसत वजन {{convert|3.68|kg|lb|abbr=on}} आ 11 गो मादा सभके वजन {{convert|2.94|kg|lb|abbr=on}} जोखल गइल।<ref name=Hogan1979/><ref name=Hatch/> लंबाई {{convert|70|to|102|cm|in|abbr=on}} आ पाँख बिस्तार {{convert|121|to|160|cm|in|abbr=on}} बतावल गइल बाटे।<ref name=Hatch/><ref name=Stevenson/>

== इलाका ==
ई बहुत कॉमन चिरई हवे आ समुन्दर आ एश्चुअरी वाला इलाका में पावल जालीं। ढेर उत्तर में पावल जाए वाली चिरई सभ जाड़ा के दिन में समुन्दर के किनारा के सहारे दक्खिन की ओर प्रवास करि जालीं जहाँ पर्याप्त मछरी मिलें।

==Behaviour==
[[File:Phalacrocorax carbo MWNH 0534.JPG|left|thumb|Egg, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden]]]]
[[File:Great Cormorant 0010 - swallowing eel - East Potomac Park - 2013-08-25.jpg|thumb|Cormorant swallowing a just caught eel]]
The great cormorant breeds mainly on coasts, nesting on cliffs or in trees (which are eventually killed by the droppings), but also increasingly inland. Three or four [[bird egg|eggs]] are laid in a nest of [[seaweed]] or twigs.

The great cormorant can dive to considerable depths, but often feeds in shallow water. It frequently brings prey to the surface. A wide variety of fish are taken: cormorants are often noticed eating [[eel]]s, but this may reflect the considerable time taken to subdue an eel and position it for swallowing, rather than any dominance of eels in the diet. In [[United Kingdom|British]] waters, dive times of 20–30 seconds are common, with a recovery time on the surface around a third of the dive time.

== बिबिध रूप ==
<gallery>
File:Storskarv - Kranium - Phalacrocorax carbo.jpg|Cranium
File: Phalacrocorax carbo ja01.jpg|Drying after fishing
File:Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).JPG|On [[Farmoor Reservoir]], [[Oxfordshire]]
File:Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in flight.jpg|Above [[Farmoor Reservoir]], [[Oxfordshire]]
File:Lithuania Juodkrante Great Cormorant colony 1.jpg|Colony in [[Juodkrantė]], Lithiuania, and damage to the trees in which they are nesting
File:Aalscholver Phalacrocorax carbo Jos Zwarts 2.tif|Drawing by Jos Zwarts
</gallery>

== बीडियो ==
<gallery>
File:Aalscholver op havenpaal-4676903.webm|Resting on a post in a port in Den Oever, the Netherlands
File:Aalscholver op paal-4676900.webm|Stretching wings while sitting on a pole
File:Chasse du Grand Cormoran.webm|Great cormorant hunting in Odessa
</gallery>

==संदर्भ==
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{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Ali1993>{{cite book |last=Ali |first=S. |year=1993 |title=The Book of Indian Birds |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |location=Bombay |isbn=978-0-19-563731-1}}</ref>

<ref name=CanadianEncyclopedia>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/cormorant/ |title=Cormorant |website=[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com The Canadian Encyclopedia] |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=CRC>{{cite book |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |editor-first=John B. |editor-last=Dunning Jr. |publisher=CRC Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8493-4258-5}}</ref>
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<ref name=europarl>{{cite web |title=European Parliament resolution |date=4 December 2008 |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P6-TA-2008-0583&language=EN&ring=A6-2008-0434 |quote="on the adoption of a European Cormorant Management Plan to minimise the increasing impact of cormorants on fish stocks, fishing and aquaculture" }}</ref>
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<ref name=FAO>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0210e/i0210e00.pdf |title=Workshop on a European Cormorant management Plan, 20–21 November 2007 |publisher=EIFAC, European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission}}</ref>
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<ref name=FGBNZ>{{cite book |first1=Barrie |last1=Heather |first2=Hugh |last2=Robertson |title=The Field guide to the Birds of New Zealand |edition=revised |publisher=Viking |year=2005 |isbn=978-0143020400}}</ref>
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<ref name=Hatch>{{cite web |last1=Hatch |first1=Jeremy J. |first2=Kevin M. |last2=Brown |first3=Geoffrey G. |last3=Hogan |first4=Ralph D. |last4=Morris |year=2000 |title=Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) |work=The Birds of North America Online |editor-first=A. |editor-last=Poole |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/553 |doi=10.2173/bna.553}}</ref>
--><!-- 
<ref name=Hogan1979>{{Cite thesis |last=Hogan |first=G. |title=Breeding parameters of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) at mixed species colonies on Prince Edward Island, Canada |type=Master's Thesis |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10464/1789 |year=1979 |publisher=Brock University |location=St. Catharines, ON }}</ref>
--><!-- 
<ref name=intercafeproject>{{cite web |url=http://www.intercafeproject.net/pdf/REDCAFEFINALREPORT.pdf |title=Reducing the conflict between Cormorants and fisheries on a pan-European scale |publisher=REDCAFE |work=Final Report |page=12 |quote="Around 10,000 adult Cormorants (of the ‘Atlantic’ carbo race) are hunted legally as game in Norway outside the breeding season."}}</ref>
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<ref name=Koffijberg1995>{{cite journal |last1=Koffijberg |first1=K. |first2=M.R. |last2=Van Eerden |year=1995 |title=Sexual dimorphism in the cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis: possible implications for differences in structural size |journal=Ardea |volume=83 |pages=37–46 |url=http://www.avibirds.com/pdf/A/Aalscholver27.pdf}}</ref>
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<ref name=Ribak2005>{{cite journal |last1=Ribak |first1=Gal |last2=Weihs |first2=Daniel |last3=Arad |first3=Zeev |title=Water retention in the plumage of diving great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis |year=2005 |journal=Journal of Avian Biology |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=89 |doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03499.x }}</ref>
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<ref name=Stevenson>{{Cite book |title=Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi |last1=Stevenson |first1=Terry |last2=Fanshawe |first2=John |publisher=Elsevier Science |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-85661-079-0}}</ref>
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<ref name=tepapa>{{cite web |title=Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae; syntype |work=Collections Online |publisher=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?oid=358520 |accessdate=18 July 2010}}</ref>
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<ref name=WICRG>{{cite web |publisher=Wetland International Cormorant Research Group |url=http://web.tiscali.it/sv2001/Cormorant_Counts_2003-2006_Summary.pdf |title=Cormorants in the western Palearctic, Distribution and numbers on a wider European scale |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140951/http://web.tiscali.it/sv2001/Cormorant_Counts_2003-2006_Summary.pdf |archivedate=7 June 2011 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
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== अउरी पढ़ल जाय ==
* {{cite book |last1=Sibley |first1=C.G. |last2=Monroe |first2=B.L. |year=1990 |title=Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world |location=New Haven CT |publisher=Yale University Press |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |first1=Ian |last1=Sinclair |first2=Phil |last2=Hockey |first3=Warwick |last3=Tarboton |title=SASOL Birds of Southern Africa |publisher=Struik |year=2002 |isbn=1-86872-721-1 |ref=harv}}

;Separation of ''carbo'' and ''sinensis''
* {{cite journal |last1=Newson |first1=Stuart |first2=Graham |last2=Ekins |first3=Baz |last3=Hughes |first4=Ian |last4=Russell |first5=Robin |last5=Sellers |year=2005 |title=Separation of North Atlantic and Continental Cormorants |journal=[[Birding World]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=107–111}}
* {{Cite journal |last=MIllington |first=Richard |authorlink=Millington, Richard |year=2005 |title=Identification of North Atlantic and Continental Cormorants |journal=[[Birding World]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=112–123}}
* Murray, T and Cabot, D. (2015). The Breeding Status of Great Cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo carbo'') in Co. Wexford. ''Ir. Nat. J.'' '''34''': 89-94.

==बाहरी कड़ी==
{{commons category|Phalacrocorax carbo}}
{{wikispecies|Phalacrocorax carbo}}
* [http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/29_CormorantPcarbo.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze]
* [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/055.pdf Great cormorant Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds]
* {{BirdLife|22696792|Phalacrocorax carbo}}
* {{Avibase|ACD40E8C3CC720BF|Phalacrocorax carbo}}
* {{InternetBirdCollection|great-cormorant-phalacrocorax-carbo}}
* {{VIREO|Great+cormorant}}
* {{IUCN_Map|22696792|Phalacrocorax carbo}}
* {{Xeno-canto species|Phalacrocorax|carbo|Great cormorant}}

{{Suliformes}}

{{taxonbar}}
{{Authority control}}

[[श्रेणी:एशिया के चिरई]]
[[श्रेणी:यूरोप के चिरई]]
[[श्रेणी:भारत के चिरई]]