ImportMaster ०५:२९, २ फरवरी २०२२ पर

2022-02-02T05:29:32Z

नया पन्ना

{{Infobox
| bodystyle = border-collapse:collapse
| title = सुरुज [[File:Sun symbol (bold).svg|24px|☉]]
| image = [[File:Sun white.jpg|290px]]
| caption = Sun with [[sunspot]]s and [[limb darkening]] as seen in [[visible light]] with solar filter.
| headerstyle = background:#FCC857
| labelstyle = padding:2px
| datastyle = padding:2px

| header1 = Observation data
| label2 = Mean distance from [[Earth]]
| data2 = 1 [[astronomical unit|au]] ≈ {{val|1.496|e=8|u=km}} 8 min 19 s at [[speed of light|light speed]]
| label3 = [[Apparent magnitude|Visual brightness]] (''V'')
| data3 = −26.74<ref name=nssdc>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=D. R. |date=1 July 2013 |title=Sun Fact Sheet |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |publisher=[[NASA Goddard Space Flight Center]] |accessdate=12 अगस्त 2013}}</ref>
| label4 = [[Absolute magnitude]]
| data4 = 4.83<ref name=nssdc />
| label5 = [[Stellar classification|Spectral classification]]
| data5 = G2V<ref>{{cite book|last=Zombeck|first=Martin V.|date=1990|title=Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 2nd edition|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|url=http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/}}</ref>
| label6 = [[Metallicity]]
| data6 = ''Z'' = 0.0122<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asplund |first1=M. |last2=Grevesse |first2=N. |last3=Sauval |first3=A. J. |date=2006 |title=The new solar abundances – Part I: the observations |journal=[[Communications in Asteroseismology]] |volume=147 |pages=76–79 |bibcode=2006CoAst.147...76A |doi=10.1553/cia147s76}}</ref>
| label7 = [[Angular size]]
| data7 = 31.6–32.7 [[minutes of arc]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |accessdate=24 अक्टूबर 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527142627/http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |archivedate=27 May 2010 |df= }}</ref>
| label8 = Adjectives
| data8 = Solar
| header10 = [[Orbit]]al characteristics
| label11 = Mean distance from [[Milky Way]] core
| data11 = ≈ {{val|2.7|e=17|u=km}} {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|27200|ul=light-years}}}}
| label12 = [[Galactic year|Galactic period]]
| data12 = (2.25–2.50){{e|8}} [[julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| label13 = [[Velocity]]
| data13 = ≈ {{val|220|u=km/s}} (orbit around the center of the Milky Way) ≈ {{val|20|u=km/s}} (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) ≈ {{val|370|u=km/s}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hinshaw |first=G. |display-authors=etal |date=2009 |title=Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] |volume=180 |issue=2 |pages=225–245 |arxiv=0803.0732 |bibcode=2009ApJS..180..225H |doi=10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225}}</ref> (relative to the [[Cosmic microwave background radiation#CMBR dipole anisotropy|cosmic microwave background]])

| header20 = Physical characteristics
| label21 = Equatorial [[radius]]
| data21 = [[Solar radius|695,700]] km,<ref name=IAU2015resB3>{{cite arxiv | first1=E.E. | last1=Mamajek | first2=A. | last2=Prsa | first3=G. | last3=Torres | first4=al. | last4=et | title=IAU 2015 Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary Properties | eprint= |mode=cs2| class=| year=2015 }}</ref> 696,392 km<ref name=arxiv1203_4898>{{citation | first1=Marcelo | last1=Emilio | first2=Jeff R. | last2=Kuhn | first3=Rock I. | last3=Bush | first4=Isabelle F. | last4=Scholl | title=Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits | arxiv=1203.4898 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...750..135E |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135 | volume=750 | issue=2 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | pages=135| year=2012 }}</ref> {{val|109|u=[[Earth radius|× Earth]]}}<ref name=sse/>
| label22 = Equatorial [[circumference]]
| data22 = {{val|4.379|e=6|u=km}}<ref name=sse/> 109 × Earth<ref name=sse>{{cite web |title=Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |archivedate=2 January 2008 |publisher=[[NASA]]
}}</ref>
| label23 = [[Flattening]]
| data23 = {{val|9|e=-6}}
| label24 = [[Surface area]]
| data24 = {{val|6.09|e=12|u=km2}}<ref name=sse/> {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|12000}}}} × Earth<ref name=sse/>
| label25 = [[Volume]]
| data25 = {{val|1.41|e=18|u=km3}}<ref name=sse/> {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|1300000}}}} × Earth
| label26 = [[Mass]]
| data26 = {{val|1.98855|.00025|e=30|u=kg}}<ref name=nssdc/> {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|333000|u=[[Mass of Earth|× Earth]]}}}}<ref name=nssdc/>
| label27 = Average [[density]]
| data27 = {{val|1.408|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=nssdc/><ref name=sse/><ref>{{cite web |last=Ko |first=M. |date=1999 |title=Density of the Sun |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/MayKo.shtml |editor=Elert, G. |work=The Physics Factbook}}</ref> {{val|0.255}} × Earth<ref name=nssdc/><ref name=sse/>
| label28 = Center [[density]] (modeled)
| data28 = {{val|162.2|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=nssdc/> {{val|12.4}} × Earth
| label29 = Equatorial [[surface gravity]]
| data29 = {{val|274.0|u=m/s2}}<ref name=nssdc/> {{val|27.94|u=[[g-force|''g'']]}} {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|27542.29|u=''[[cgs]]''}}}} 28 × Earth<ref name=sse/>
| label30 = [[Moment of inertia factor]]
| data30 = {{val|0.070}}<ref name=nssdc /> (estimate)
| label31 = [[Escape velocity]] (from the surface)
| data31 = {{val|617.7|u=km/s}}<ref name=sse/> 55 × Earth<ref name=sse/>
| label32 = Temperature
| data32 = Center (modeled): {{val|1.57|e=7|u=K}}<ref name=nssdc/> [[Photosphere]] (effective): {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|5772|ul=K}}}}<ref name=nssdc/> [[Corona]]: ≈ {{val|5|e=6|u=K}}
| label33 = [[Luminosity]] (Lsol)
| data33 = {{val|3.828|e=26|ul=W}}<ref name=nssdc/> ≈ {{val|3.75|e=28|u=[[lumen (unit)|lm]]}} ≈ {{val|98|u=lm/W}} [[Luminous efficacy|efficacy]]
| label34 = Mean [[radiance]] (Isol)
| data34 = {{val|2.009|e=7|u=W·m−2·sr−1}}
| label35 = Age
| data35 = ≈ 4.6 billion years<ref name="Bonanno">{{Cite journal |last=Bonanno |first=A. |last2=Schlattl |first2=H. |last3=Paternò |first3=L. |date=2008 |title=The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=390 |issue=3 |pages=1115–1118 |arxiv=astro-ph/0204331 |bibcode=2002A&A...390.1115B |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020749 |ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=//www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6107/651.full|title=The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk|date=2 November 2012|accessdate=17 मार्च 2014|doi=10.1126/science.1226919 |journal=Science|volume=338 |issue= 6107 |pages=651–655|bibcode = 2012Sci...338..651C |pmid=23118187 | last1 = Connelly | first1 = JN | last2 = Bizzarro | first2 = M | last3 = Krot | first3 = AN | last4 = Nordlund | first4 = Å | last5 = Wielandt | first5 = D | last6 = Ivanova | first6 = MA}}{{Registration required}}</ref>

| header40 = [[Rotation]] characteristics
| label41 = [[Axial tilt|Obliquity]]
| data41 = 7.25°<ref name=nssdc/> (to the [[ecliptic]]) 67.23° (to the [[galactic plane]])
| label42 = [[Right ascension]] of North pole<ref name="iau-iag">{{cite web |last1=Seidelmann |first1=P. K. |display-authors=etal |title=Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000 |url=http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm |date=2000 |accessdate=22 मार्च 2006}}</ref>
| data42 = 286.13° {{nowrap|19 h 4 min 30 s}}
| label43 = [[Declination]] of North pole
| data43 = +63.87° 63° 52' North
| label44 = Sidereal [[Solar rotation|rotation period]] (at equator)
| data44 = 25.05 d<ref name=nssdc/>
| label45 = (at 16° latitude)
| data45 = 25.38 d<ref name=nssdc/> {{nowrap|25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s}}<ref name="iau-iag"/>
| label46 = (at poles)
| data46 = 34.4 d<ref name=nssdc/>
| label47 = Rotation velocity (at equator)
| data47 = {{val|7.189|e=3|u=km/h}}<ref name="sse"/>

| header50 = [[photosphere|Photospheric]] composition (by mass)
| label51 = [[Hydrogen]]
| data51 = 73.46%<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sun's Vital Statistics |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |publisher=[[Stanford Solar Center]] |accessdate=29 July 2008}} Citing {{cite book |last=Eddy |first=J. |date=1979 |title=A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |page=37 |publisher=[[NASA]] |id=NASA SP-402}}</ref>
| label52 = [[Helium]]
| data52 = 24.85%
| label53 = [[Oxygen]]
| data53 = 0.77%
| label54 = [[Carbon]]
| data54 = 0.29%
| label55 = [[Iron]]
| data55 = 0.16%
| label56 = [[Neon]]
| data56 = 0.12%
| label57 = [[Nitrogen]]
| data57 = 0.09%
| label58 = [[Silicon]]
| data58 = 0.07%
| label59 = [[Magnesium]]
| data59 = 0.05%
| label60 = [[Sulfur]]
| data60 = 0.04%
}}
'''सूर्य''' (प्रतीक: [[File:Sun symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|☉]]; Sun) एगो अंजोरा करे वाला [[तारा]] हवे जेवन [[सौरमंडल]] के केन्द्र में स्थित बा आ जेकरी चारो ओर हमनी क [[पृथ्वी]] आ सौरमंडल क बाकी [[ग्रह]] चक्कर लगावेलन।

भूगर्भहोखे वाला कुछ घटना के छोड़ दिहल जाय तऽ, पृथ्वी पऽ होखे वाला लगभग मय घटना सूर्य के अंजोर के [[ऊर्जा]] से संचालित होला।

सूर्य के अंजोरा से दिन होला आ सूर्य के अंजोरा से मय ग्रह अंजोर होलें। सूर्य के घाम से ऊर्जा के [[प्रकाश संश्लेषण]] की क्रिया द्वारा पेड़-पौधा [[भोजन]] (रासायनिक ऊर्जा) में बदल देलन जेवना क इस्तेमाल बाकी जीवजन्तु [[आहार श्रृंखला]] में एक दूसरा के खा के करेलन। आज हमनी क जेतना जीवाश्म ईंधन जइसे कि [[कोइला]], [[पेट्रोल]], [[पेट्रोलियम गैस]] इत्यादि क प्रयोग ऊर्जा प्राप्त करे खातिर करत बानी जा ई कुल सौर ऊर्जा क रूप हवे, एइसन सौर ऊर्जा जवन [[भूगर्भिक इतिहास|इतिहास]] में बहुत पहिले पेड़-पौधन द्वारा प्रकाश संश्लेषण के बिधि से रासायनिक ऊर्जा में बदल दिहल गईल रहे आ अब भंडार के रूप में संरक्षित बा।

{{clear}}

==इहो देखल जाय==
* [[सौर मंडल]]
* [[सौर ऊर्जा]]

{{Authority control}}

[[श्रेणी:सौरमंडल]]
[[श्रेणी:भौतिक ब्रह्मांड]]
[[श्रेणी:खगोलिकी]]

{{खगोल-आधार}}

सुरुज - बदलाव इतिहास

ImportMaster ०५:२९, २ फरवरी २०२२ पर