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नया पन्ना

{{Infobox country UK
| native_name = {{lang|gd|''Alba''}}
| image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg
| image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border
| image_map = Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg
| symbol_width = 125px
| symbol_type = [[स्कॉटलैंड के रॉयल स्टैंडर्ड|रॉयल स्टैंडर्ड]]
| national_motto = {{native phrase|sco|"[[:en:In My Defens God Me Defend|In My Defens God Me Defend]]"|italics=off}} "In my defence God me defend"a
| national_anthem = [[:en:National anthem of Scotland|Various]]b Predominantly "[[:en:Flower of Scotland]]"
| status = {{hlist |[[यूनाइटेड किंगडम के देस|देस]]|[[:en:Law of the United Kingdom#Three legal systems|jurisdiction]]}}
| capital = [[एडिनबर्ग]]
| latd=55 |latm=57 |lats=11 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=11 |longs=20 |longEW=W
| largest_city = [[ग्लासगो]] {{smaller|{{coord|55|51|N|4|16|W|display=inline}}}}
| languages_type = [[:en:Languages of Scotland|Languages]]
| languages = [[अंगरेजी]]
| languages2_type = पहिचानल भाषाc
| languages2 =
{{unbulleted list
| {{nowrap|[[:en:British Sign Language]]}}
| [[:en:Scots language|Scots]]
| [[:en:Scottish Gaelic]]
}}
| languages2_sub = yes
| ethnic_groups =
{{unbulleted list
| 96.0% White
| 2.7% Asian
| 0.7% Black
| 0.4% Mixed
| 0.2% Arab
| 0.1% other<ref name="ethnicity">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbtable2.pdf |title=Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011 |publisher=The Scottish Government |year= 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref>
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2011
| demonym = {{hlist |[[:en:Scottish people|Scottish]] |Scotsd}}
| government_type = [[:en:Scottish devolution|Devolved]] [[संसद|संसदीय बिधायिका]], [[संबैधानिक राजशाही|संबैधानिक {{raise|0.2em|राजशाही}}]]{{raise|0.1em|e}}
| monarch = [[एलिजाबेथ II]]
| first_minister = [[:en:Nicola Sturgeon]]
|
| secretary_of_state = [[:en:David Mundell]]
| legislature = [[:en:Scottish Parliament]]
| legislature2 = [[:en:Parliament of the United Kingdom]]
| sovereignty_type = निर्माण
| established_event1 = [[:en:Origins of the Kingdom of Alba|Established]]
| established_date1 = 9th century ([[:en:National myth|traditionally]] 843)
| established_event2 = [[:en:Acts of Union 1707|Union with England]]
| established_date2 = 1 मई 1707
| established_event3 = [[:en:Scotland Act 1998|Devolution]]
| established_date3 = 19 November 1998
| area_rank =
| area_magnitude = 1 E10
| area_km2 = 77933
| area_sq_mi = 30090
| area_footnote = <ref name=ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, अक्टूबर 2013], ONS. Retrieved 9 अगस्त 2015.</ref>
| area_label = जमीनी
| percent_water =
| population_rank =
| population_estimate = 5,347,600<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/news/2015/scotlands-population-at-its-highest-ever|title= Scotland's Population at its Highest Ever |date= 30 अप्रैल 2015 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=12 फरवरी 2015}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2014
| population_census = 5,313,600<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-gov.scot/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2012/index.html|title= Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012 |date=8 अगस्त 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=8 अगस्त 2013}}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 67.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 174.1
| population_density_rank =
| GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $245.267 बिलियन<ref name="GDP">{{cite web |title=Key Economy Statistics |author=Scottish Government |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy |accessdate=22 अगस्त 2014}}</ref> (including revenues from North Sea oil and gas)
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2013
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $45,904
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = | Gini_change =  | Gini =  | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = | HDI_change =  | HDI =  | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =
| patron_saints =
{{unbulleted list
| [[:en:Saint Andrew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts'' |work=Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway |accessdate=2 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20071111134544/http://scotland.org:80/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |archivedate=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Andrew |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
| [[:en:Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Margaret of Scotland |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304 |accessdate=15 November 2011}} {{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=Patron saints |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S |accessdate=15 November 2011}}
</ref>
| [[:en:Saint Columba]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Columba |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
}}
| cctld = [[.scot]]f
| official_website = {{URL|http://www.scotland.org/}}
| footnote_a = Often shown abbreviated as "In Defens".
| footnote_b = ''[[:en:Flower of Scotland]]'', ''[[:en:Scotland the Brave]]'' and ''[[:en:Scots Wha Hae]]'' have been used in lieu of an official anthem (see [[:en:National anthem of Scotland]]).
| footnote_c = Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as [[:en:regional language]]s under the [[:en:European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].<big><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/ArtsCultureSport/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter |title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |work=[[Scottish Government]] |accessdate=23 अक्टूबर 2011}}</ref></big> Under the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], the [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is tasked with securing Gaelic as an [[official language]] of Scotland that commands "equal respect" with English.<big><ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] (22 अप्रैल 2005) ''[[:en:The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 अगस्त 2007.</ref></big> British Sign Language is also officially recognised in Scotland under the [[:en:British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015]].<big><ref name="British Sign Language">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13876863.Scotland_becomes_first_part_of_UK_to_recognise_signing_for_deaf_as_official_language/|title=Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language |publisher=Herald Scotland |year=2015|accessdate=17 जनवरी 2016}}</ref></big>
| footnote_d = Historically, the use of "[[:en:Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]" as an adjective comparable to "Scottish" or "Scots" was commonplace, particularly outside Scotland. Today, however, the term is used to describe ''products'' of Scotland (usually food or drink-related).
| footnote_e = The head of state of the United Kingdom is the monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II, since 1952). Scotland has limited self-government within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. It is also [[:en:Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|a UK electoral region]] for the [[:en:European Parliament]]. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the [[:en:Scottish Government]] and the [[:en:Scottish Parliament]] at [[:en:Scottish Parliament Building|Holyrood]] in Edinburgh.
| footnote_f = .scot is not a [[ccTLD]], but a [[gTLD]], open to use by all people in Scotland and related to Scotland. [[.uk]] and [[.eu]], as part of the [[:en:United Kingdom]] and [[:en:European Union]], are also used. [[:en:ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused.
}}
'''स्कॉटलैंड''' ({{Lang-en|Scotland}}) एगो [[देस]] बा जवन [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] के [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम के देस|हिस्सा]] बा आ एकरे मुख्य दीप [[ग्रेट ब्रिटेन]] के उत्तरी हिस्सा कभर करे ला।<ref name="Stats 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=24 जून 2012}}</ref><ref name="Country">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |accessdate=24 अगस्त 2008 |work=10 Downing Street |quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416083521/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=16 अप्रैल 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/newsletter_i-9.pdf |format=PDF |title=ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 28 November 2007 No I-9. "Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements" (Page 11) |accessdate=31 मई 2008 |work=[[International Organization for Standardization]] codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision codes |quote=SCT Scotland ''country''}}</ref> एकर सीमा, दक्खिन ओर [[इंग्लैण्ड]] के साथ बा, बाकी ई पुरा [[अटलांटिक महासागर]] से घेराइल बाते, पुरुब ओर [[नॉर्थ सागर]] आ [[नॉर्थ चैनल (ब्रिटिश दीप)|नॉर्थ चैनल]] आ [[आयरिश सागर]] दक्खिन-पच्छिम में। मेन जमीनी हिस्सा के आलावा एह देस में करीब 790 गो दीप बाड़ें,<ref name="Scottish Executive">{{cite web |title=Scottish Executive Resources |work=Scotland in Short |url=http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/923/0010669.pdf |format=PDF |date=17 फरवरी 2007 |publisher=Scottish Executive |accessdate=14 September 2006}}</ref> जवना में [[नॉर्दर्न दीप]] आ [[हेब्राइड्स]] प्रमुख बाड़ें।

[[एडिनबर्ग]], देस के राजधानी आ दूसरा सभसे बड़हन शहर, अठारहवीं सदी में [[स्कॉटिश पुनर्जागरण]] के धुरी रहल जौना से कामर्स, बिद्या, आ उद्योग के क्षेत्र में स्कॉटलैंड यूरोप के एक ठो पावरहाउस बन गइल। [[ग्लासगो]], स्कॉटलैंड के सभसे बड़हन शहर,<ref>{{cite web|title=A quick guide to glasgow|url=http://glasgowcitycentre.co.uk/places-to-go/shops/a-quick-guide-to-glasgow/|publisher=Glasgow City Centre|accessdate=20 जून 2012}}</ref> दुनिया के एगो बहुत प्रमुख उद्योगी नगर रहि चुकल बा, वर्तमान में ई [[ग्रेटर ग्लासगो]] [[कोनर्बेशन]] के सेंटर मे बा। स्कॉटलैंड के पानी के हिस्सा में उत्तरी अटलांटिक आ नॉर्थ सागर के काफ़ी हिस्सा आवेला<ref>{{cite book |title=The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order |year=1999 |publisher=The Stationery Office Limited |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1999/19991126.htm |location=London |isbn=0-11-059052-X| accessdate=20 September 2007 }}</ref> जहाँ भारी मात्रा में [[नॉर्थ सागर तेल भंडार|तेल भंडार]] बाटे। एही से स्कॉटलैंड के तीसरा सभसे बड़हन शहर, [[एबरडीन]], यूरोप के पेट्रोलियम राजधानी कहल जाला।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/equalitydiversity/eqd_ourcity.asp|publisher= Aberdeen City Council|title=Our City|quote=Aberdeen's buoyant modern economy – is fuelled by the oil industry, earning the city its epithet as 'Oil Capital of Europe'|accessdate=1 December 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922092924/http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/EqualityDiversity/eqd_OurCity.asp|archivedate=22 September 2010}}</ref>

{{Clear}}
==संदर्भ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== अउरी पढ़े खातिर ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Devine, T. M. [1999] (2000). ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'' (New Ed. edition). London:Penguin. ISBN 0-14-023004-1
* Donnachie, Ian and George Hewitt. ''Dictionary of Scottish History.'' (2001). 384 pp.
* Keay, John, and Julia Keay. ''Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland'' (2nd ed. 2001), 1101pp; 4000 articles; emphasis on history
* Koch, J. T. ''Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia'' (ABC-CLIO, 2006), ISBN 1-85109-440-7, 999pp
* Tabraham, Chris, and Colin Baxter. ''The Illustrated History of Scotland'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1932573011/ excerpt and text search]
* [[Hugh Trevor-Roper|Trevor-Roper, Hugh]], ''The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History'', Yale, 2008, ISBN 0-300-13686-2
* Watson, Fiona, ''Scotland; From Prehistory to the Present.'' Tempus, 2003. 286 pp.
* Wilson, Neil. ''Lonely Planet Scotland'' (2013) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Scotland-Travel-Guide-ebook/dp/B00BJENK4O/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1385052818&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Wormald, Jenny, ''The New History of Scotland'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0198206151/ excerpt and text search]
{{refend}}

=== स्पेशलाइज मोनोग्राफ ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*Brown, Dauvit, (1999) ''Anglo-French acculturation and the Irish element in Scottish Identity'' in Smith, Brendan (ed.), ''Insular Responses to Medieval European Change'', [[Cambridge University Press]], pp. 135–53
*Brown, Michael (2004) ''The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371'', Edinburgh University Press., pp. 157–254
*{{cite book |first=David N. |last=Dumville |chapter=St Cathróe of Metz and the Hagiography of Exoticism |title=Irish Hagiography: Saints and Scholars |location=Dublin |year=2001 |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=172–176 |isbn=978-1-85182-486-1}}
*[[George T. Flom|Flom, George Tobias]]. ''Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch. A Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Relations of English and Scandinavian'' ([[Columbia University Press]], New York. 1900)
*{{cite book |first=Maire |last=Herbert |chapter=Rí Érenn, Rí Alban, kingship and identity in the ninth and tenth centuries |editor=Simon Taylor (ed.) |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297 |location=Dublin |year=2000 |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=63–72 |isbn=1-85182-516-9}}
*MacLeod, Wilson (2004) ''Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland: c.1200–1650''. [[Oxford University Press]].
*Pope, Robert (ed.), ''Religion and National Identity: Wales and Scotland, c.1700–2000'' ([[University of Wales Press]], 2001)
*Sharp, L. W. ''The Expansion of the English Language in Scotland'', (Cambridge University PhD thesis, 1927), pp. 102–325;
{{refend}}

== बाहरी कड़ी ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Scotland|d=Q22|s=Portal:Scotland|n=Category:Scotland}}
* [http://www.visitscotland.com/ Visit Scotland], official site of Scotland's national tourist board. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://maps.nls.uk/ Maps] and [http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/index.html digital collections] at the [[National Library of Scotland]]. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.nas.gov.uk/ National Archives of Scotland], official site of the [[National Archives of Scotland]]. {{in lang|en}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland}} {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.scrol.gov.uk/ Scottish Census Results On Line], official government site for Scotland's census results. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Economy/Statistics Scottish economic statistics] from the Scottish Government. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.gov.scot/ Scottish Government], official site of the [[Scottish Government]]. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.scotland.org/ Scotland.org], the official online gateway to Scotland managed by the Scottish Government. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ Scottish Parliament], official site of the [[Scottish Parliament]]. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ ScotlandsPeople], official government resource for Scottish [[genealogy]]. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.sns.gov.uk/ Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics], the Scottish Government's programme of small area statistics in Scotland. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.scottish-places.info/ Gazetteer for Scotland], an extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland by the [[Royal Scottish Geographical Society]] and [[University of Edinburgh]]. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.streetsofscotland.co.uk/ Streets of Scotland], photos from Scotland's streets. {{in lang|en}}
* {{osmrelation|58446}}

{{English official language clickable map}}

{{Authority control}}

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स्कॉटलैंड - बदलाव इतिहास

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